Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Articles

Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau, α-Tubulin and βIII-Tubulin Expression in Breast Cancer: Soyoung Im, Changyoung Yoo, Ji-Han Jung, Ye-Won Jeon, Young Jin Suh, Youn Soo Lee, Hyun Joo Choi; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(6):534-540. Published online December 24, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.6.534

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Background

The microtubule-associated protein Tau binds to both inner and outer surfaces of microtubules, leading to tubulin assembly and microtubule stabilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of Tau, α-tubulin, and βIII-tubulin expression in breast carcinoma and to assess their relationships with disease progression in the context of taxane treatment.

Methods

Immunohistochemical expressions of Tau, α-tubulin, and βIII-tubulin were assessed in 183 breast cancer cases. Expression was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters, disease progression and overall survival.

Results

Tau expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and estrogen receptor (ER) positivity (p=.003 and p<.001, respectively). Loss of α-tubulin was significantly correlated with distant metastasis (p=.034). Loss of βIII-tubulin was correlated with lymph node metastasis and ER positivity (p=.004 and p<.001, respectively). In taxane-treated cases, Tau expression and loss of α-tubulin and βIII-tubulin expression were related to disease progression (p=.001, p=.028, and p=.030, respectively). Tau expression was associated with a worse survival rate in taxane-treated patients (p=.049).

Conclusions

Tau expression and loss of α-tubulin and βIII-tubulin expression were correlated with aggressive behavior in taxane-treated breast cancer. Further evaluation of Tau, α-tubulin and βIII-tubulin may be useful in predicting clinical behavior and seeking therapeutic measures in taxane-based chemotherapy for breast cancer.

Citations

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Tubulin Isotypes: Emerging Roles in Defining Cancer Stem Cell Niche
Tessy Thomas Maliekal, Dhrishya Dharmapal, Suparna Sengupta
Frontiers in Immunology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
RAD6 inhibition enhances paclitaxel sensitivity of triple negative breast cancer cells by aggravating mitotic spindle damage
Brittany M. Haynes, Kristen Cunningham, Malathy P. V. Shekhar
BMC Cancer.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin Therapy of ßIII-Tubulin, Carbonic Anhydrase IX, and Survivin in Chemically Induced Breast Cancer in Female Rat
Alena Pastornická, Silvia Rybárová, Slávka Drahošová, Jozef Mihalik, Andrea Kreheľová, Andriana Pavliuk-Karachevtseva, Ingrid Hodorová
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HE4 promotes collateral resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer cells
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Journal of Ovarian Research.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
A strategy to identify housekeeping genes suitable for analysis in breast cancer diseases
Tatiana M. Tilli, Cláudio da Silva Castro, Jack A. Tuszynski, Nicolas Carels
BMC Genomics.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Increased expression of αTubulin is associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer after surgical resection
Chao Lin, Guo-chao Zhao, Ya-dong Xu, Dan-song Wang, Da-yong Jin, Yuan Ji, Wen-hui Lou, Wen-chuan Wu
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Oblongifolin C inhibits metastasis by up-regulating keratin 18 and tubulins
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Scientific Reports.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Regulation of human MAPT gene expression
Marie-Laure Caillet-Boudin, Luc Buée, Nicolas Sergeant, Bruno Lefebvre
Molecular Neurodegeneration.2015;[Epub] CrossRef

Hedgehog Related Protein Expression in Breast Cancer: Gli-2 Is Associated with Poor Overall Survival: Soyoung Im, Hyun Joo Choi, Changyoung Yoo, Ji-Han Jung, Ye-Won Jeon, Young Jin Suh, Chang Suk Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(2):116-123. Published online April 24, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.2.116

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Abstract PDF

Background

The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is known to play a critical role in various malignancies, but its clinicopathologic role in breast cancer is yet to be established.

Methods

Tissue microarray blocks from 334 cases of breast cancer were prepared. The expression of six Hh signaling proteins including sonic hedgehog (Shh), patched (Ptch), smoothened (Smo), and the glioma-associated oncogene (Gli)-1, Gli-2, and Gli-3 were analyzed immunohistochemically.

Results

The expression of Hh signaling proteins was significantly correlated with some prognostic factors including the correlation of lymph node metastasis with the expression of Shh (p=0.001) and Ptch (p=0.064), the correlation of the stages with Shh and Gli-3 expression (p=0.007 and p=0.024, respectively), the correlation of the nuclear grade with the Smo (p=0.004) and Gli-3 (p=0.000), and the correlation of the histologic grade with the Ptch (p=0.016), Smo (p=0.007), and Gli-3 (p=0.000). The Shh, Ptch, Smo, Gli-1, and Gli-2 expression was significantly different between the phenotypes (p=0.000, p=0.001, p=0.004, p=0.039, and p=0.031, respectively). Gli-2 expression was correlated with a worse overall survival outcome (p=0.012).

Conclusions

Hh pathway activation is correlated with a more aggressive clinical behavior in breast carcinomas. The comparison of phenotypes suggested that the Hh pathway may be a useful therapeutic target for breast carcinoma. Patients with Gli-2 expression had a significantly lower overall survival rate and, therefore, it showed promise as a prognostic marker.

Citations

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Higher Expressions of SHH and AR Are Associated with a Positive Receptor Status and Have Impact on Survival in a Cohort of Croatian Breast Cancer Patients
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Coexpression of Epha10 and Gli3 Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation, Invasion and Migration
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The Role of Smoothened-Dependent and -Independent Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Tumorigenesis
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Carbonic anhydrase XII expression is linked to suppression of Sonic hedgehog ligand expression in triple negative breast cancer cells
G. Guerrini, J. Durivault, I. Filippi, M. Criscuoli, S. Monaci, J. Pouyssegur, A. Naldini, F. Carraro, S.K. Parks
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Sonic hedgehog and Wnt/β-catenin pathways mediate curcumin inhibition of breast cancer stem cells
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Targeting the Multidrug Transporter Ptch1 Potentiates Chemotherapy Efficiency
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Tamoxifen Resistance: Emerging Molecular Targets
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Hyun Deuk Cho, Jong Eun Lee, Hae Yoen Jung, Mee-Hye Oh, Ji-Hye Lee, Si-Hyong Jang, Kyung-Ju Kim, Sun Wook Han, Sung Yong Kim, Han Jo Kim, Sang Byung Bae, Hyun Ju Lee
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Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Thyroid Follicular Neoplasm: Cytohistologic Correlation and Accuracy: Changyoung Yoo, Hyun Joo Choi, Soyoung Im, Ji Han Jung, Kiouk Min, Chang Suk Kang, Young-Jin Suh; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(1):61-66. Published online February 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.1.61

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Abstract PDF

Background

This study evaluated the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in cases of follicular neoplasm (FN) on the basis of histologic diagnosis, and reviewed the cytologic findings of FN according to the FNAC.

Methods

Among the 66 cases diagnosed with thyroid FN by FNAC during the 7-year period from 2003 to 2009, 36 cases that had undergone thyroid surgery were available for review. Cytologic diagnosis was compared with the histologic diagnosis of each case.

Results

Among the 36 cases with a cytologic diagnosis of thyroid FN, histologic diagnosis was as follows: 20 follicular adenomas (55.6%), 3 Hurthle cell adenomas (8.3%), 2 follicular carcinomas (5.6%), 8 nodular goiters (22.2%), 2 papillary carcinomas (5.6%), and 1 Hashimoto's thyroiditis (2.8%), resulting in a diagnostic accuracy of FNAC for thyroid FN of 69.5%.

Conclusions

This study shows that FNAC for thyroid FN is a useful primary screening method because when FN is diagnosed by FNAC, the rate of FN histologic diagnosis is relatively high, however, adequate sampling and experience is a prerequisite for this procedure.

Citations

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Prevalence and Predictors of Malignancy in Contralateral Thyroid Lobe in Patients Undergoing Completion Thyroidectomy
Pradipta Kumar Parida, Siddhartha Pradhan, Chapity Preetam, Pradeep Pradhan, Dillip Kumar Samal, Saurav Sarkar
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery.2022; 74(S2): 2053. CrossRef
Ultrasonographic and cytologic assessments of follicular neoplasms of the thyroid: Predictive features differentiating follicular carcinoma from follicular adenoma
Hye Shin Ahn, Hee Sung Kim, Min Ji Hong, Paula Soares
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(7): e0271437. CrossRef
2019 Practice guidelines for thyroid core needle biopsy: a report of the Clinical Practice Guidelines Development Committee of the Korean Thyroid Association
Chan Kwon Jung, Jung Hwan Baek, Dong Gyu Na, Young Lyun Oh, Ka Hee Yi, Ho-Cheol Kang
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2020; 54(1): 64. CrossRef
Preoperative diagnostic categories of fine needle aspiration cytology for histologically proven thyroid follicular adenoma and carcinoma, and Hurthle cell adenoma and carcinoma: Analysis of cause of under- or misdiagnoses
Hee Young Na, Jae Hoon Moon, June Young Choi, Hyeong Won Yu, Woo-Jin Jeong, Yeo Koon Kim, Ji-Young Choe, So Yeon Park, Paula Soares
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Core needle biopsy of thyroid nodules: outcomes and safety from a large single-center single-operator study
Jooae Choe, Jung Hwan Baek, Hye Sun Park, Young Jun Choi, Jeong Hyun Lee
Acta Radiologica.2018; 59(8): 924. CrossRef
Cytological Features That Differentiate Follicular Neoplasm from Mimicking Lesions
Kanghee Han, Hwa-Jeong Ha, Joon Seog Kong, Jung-Soon Kim, Jae Kyung Myung, Jae Soo Koh, Sunhoo Park, Myung-Soon Shin, Woo-Tack Song, Hye Sil Seol, Seung-Sook Lee
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Comparison of the Diagnostic Efficacy of Ultrasound‐Guided Core Needle Biopsy With 18‐ Versus 20‐Gauge Needles for Thyroid Nodules
Hye Shin Ahn, Mirinae Seo, Su Min Ha, Hee Sung Kim
Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine.2018; 37(11): 2565. CrossRef
Subclassification of Bethesda Atypical and Follicular Neoplasm Categories According to Nuclear and Architectural Atypia Improves Discrimination of Thyroid Malignancy Risk
Joel Xue Yi Lim, Min En Nga, Dedrick Kok Hong Chan, Wee Boon Tan, Rajeev Parameswaran, Kee Yuan Ngiam
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The expression profile of integrin receptors and osteopontin in thyroid malignancies varies depending on the tumor progression rate and presence of BRAF V600E mutation
Galina Chernaya, Nina Mikhno, Tatiana Khabalova, Svetlana Svyatchenko, Lyudmila Mostovich, Sergey Shevchenko, Lyudmila Gulyaeva
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The Usefulness of Immunocytochemistry of CD56 in Determining Malignancy from Indeterminate Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology
Hyunseo Cha, Ju Yeon Pyo, Soon Won Hong
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Core Needle Biopsy of the Thyroid: 2016 Consensus Statement and Recommendations from Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology
Dong Gyu Na, Jung Hwan Baek, So Lyung Jung, Ji-hoon Kim, Jin Yong Sung, Kyu Sun Kim, Jeong Hyun Lee, Jung Hee Shin, Yoon Jung Choi, Eun Ju Ha, Hyun Kyung Lim, Soo Jin Kim, Soo Yeon Hahn, Kwang Hwi Lee, Young Jun Choi, Inyoung Youn, Young Joong Kim, Hye Sh
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A meta‐analytic review of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology: Has the rate of malignancy in indeterminate lesions been underestimated?
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Diagnosis of Thyroid Follicular Neoplasm: Fine-Needle Aspiration Versus Core-Needle Biopsy
Ra Gyoung Yoon, Jung Hwan Baek, Jeong Hyun Lee, Young Jun Choi, Min Ji Hong, Dong Eun Song, Jae Kyun Kim, Jong Ho Yoon, Won Bae Kim
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A Proposal for Creating a Guideline for Cancer Registration of the Fibromatosis, PEComa Group, Malignant Lymphoma In Situ and Dendritic Cell Tumors (III): Changyoung Yoo, Chang Suk Kang, Yoon La Choi, Hye Yoon Kang, Jin Man Kim, Young Hye Koh, Joo Hee Lee, Seung Sook Lee, In Sun Kim, Dong Hoon Kim, Yong Ku Park, Jin Hee Sohn; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(5):436-442. Published online October 25, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.5.436

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Abstract PDF: Background
Understanding the biologic behavior of a tumor is a prerequisite for tumor registration code assignment. The aim of this report was to propose appropriate behavior codes of the International Classification of Disease Oncology 3 (ICD-O3) to rare, yet pathologically interesting hematopoietic and soft tissue tumors.
Methods
The Study Group for Hematopathology, the Bone and Soft Tissue Pathology Study Group, and the Cancer Registration Committee prepared the questionnaire containing provisional behavior codes of selected diseases.
Results
In situ lesions of mantle cell and follicular lymphomas, dendritic cell tumors, and neoplasms with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation (PEComa), not otherwise specified were classified as malignant (-/3). The fibromatosis group, with the exception of lipofibromatosis, was proposed as benign (-/0). Lipofibromatosis and several diseases that belong to the PEComa group were proposed as uncertain malignant potential (-/1). For the hematologic and soft tissue tumors, 274 and 288 members of the Korean Society of Pathologists, respectively, provided opinions through questionnaire, and most responders showed agreement with the provisional behavior code proposed.
Conclusions
The determination of behavior codes for the rare diseases described in this study, especially those of the PEComa group or malignant lymphoma, could be viewed as impractical and premature, but this study provides the basis for future research on this topic.

Pathologic Differences between Placentas from Intrauterine Growth Restriction Pregnancies with and without Absent or Reversed End Diastolic Velocity of Umbilical Arteries.: Changyoung Yoo, Dong Gyu Jang, Yun Sung Jo, Jinyoung Yoo, Guisera Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(1):36-44.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.1.36

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry is one of the important findings of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and IUGR is associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality. In addition, this abnormal Doppler velocimetry is correlated with placental insufficiency. The aim of this study was to determine the pathologic differences in the placentas from IUGR pregnancies with and without the absent or reversed end diastolic velocity (AREDV).
METHODS
Among the cases that had undergone prenatal follow-up in our institute, a retrospective slide review was conducted for 18 cases of IUGR with AREDV and 17 cases with IUGR that had normal end-diastolic flow of the umbilical artery.
RESULTS
The birth weight and the other clinical parameters were not different among the two groups. Grossly, the placental weight percentiles were significantly smaller in AREDV group when they were adjusted according to gestational age. Histologically, chronic deciduitis, mural hypertrophy of the decidual arteries, an intimal fibrin cushion of the large fetal vessels, increased syncytial knots, villous agglutinations, avascular villi, villous stromal-vascular karyorrhexis, and acute atherosis were more frequently found in the AREDV group and their presence showed statistical significance.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that pathologic abnormalities due to fetal and maternal vasculopathies in the placenta may be the cornerstone for inducing AREDV in the umbilical artery.

Citations

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Defining early vs late fetal growth restriction by placental pathology
Amir Aviram, Christopher Sherman, John Kingdom, Arthur Zaltz, Jon Barrett, Nir Melamed
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica.2019; 98(3): 365. CrossRef
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF PLACENTA IN PRETERM PREGNANCY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION
Prathibha S.D, Anitha N, Samikshya Ray, Jayaprakash H.T
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare.2016; 3(63): 3430. CrossRef
Preliminary Study on Neurodevelopmental Outcome and Placental Pathology among Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Seong-Hee Oh, Jong-jae Kim, Hyun-jeong Do, Byong Sop Lee, Ki-Soo Kim, Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim
Korean Journal of Perinatology.2015; 26(1): 67. CrossRef
Chronic Placental Inflammation in Twin Pregnancies
Heejin Bang, Go Eun Bae, Ha Young Park, Yeon Mee Kim, Suk-Joo Choi, Soo-young Oh, Cheong-Rae Roh, Jung-Sun Kim
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2015; 49(6): 489. CrossRef

Distribution of Dendritic Cells and Regulatory T-Cells in Cutaneous Lymphomas.: Changyoung Yoo, Young Seon Hong, Baik Kee Cho, Sang Ho Kim, Sang In Shim, Chang Suk Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(6):581-588.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.6.581

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in immune reactions. This study was designed to identify the distribution patterns of DCs and regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in cutaneous lymphomas.
METHODS
Immunohistochemistry was used to determine langerin expression on Langerhans cells, CD11b on inflammatory DCs, CD209 and CD11c on dermal DCs, CD303 on plasmacytic DCs, and Foxp3 on Tregs in 81 cases of cutaneous lymphomas.
RESULTS
Various DCs and Tregs were identified in most cutaneous lymphomas. Plasmacytic DCs, inflammatory DCs and Tregs were identified mainly in tumor areas, whereas dermal DCs were distributed both in the tumor and stromal areas. Among DCs, dermal DCs were most prominently identified in the cutaneous lymphomas not only in the tumor area but also in the stroma. The intense stromal infiltration of dermal DCs was consistent finding in T-cell lymphomas. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), not otherwise specified also showed intense stromal infiltration of dermal DCs, but stromal infiltration in DLBCL, leg type was relatively scant.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that all types of DCs and Tregs are involved in cutaneous lymphoma tumor immunity. Among them dermal DCs may play a dominant role.

Alteration of G1/S Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins in Carcinogenesis of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas.: Soyoung Im, Changyoung Yoo, Ji Han Jung, Hyun Joo Choi, Jinyoung Yoo, Seok Jin Kang, Kyo Young Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(6):542-549.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.6.542

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Aberration of the cell cycle regulatory proteins has been reported to contribute to the development and progression of human malignancy. We studied the expression of G1/S cell cycle regulatory proteins to investigate the carcinogenesis in cutaneous squamous cell lesions. METHODS: We evaluated the expressions of p16, pRb, cyclin D1 and Ki-67 protein by immunonohistochemistry in cases of normal skin (n=15), seborrheic keratosis (SK; n=26), actinic keratosis (AK; n=30), Bowen's disease (BD; n=37), keratoacanthoma (KA; n=23), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; n=22). RESULTS: The Ki-67 expression gradually increased from SK, through AK, to BD. The expression of p16 was more increased in BD than that in AK. The decreased expressions of p16 and Rb, and the increased expression of cyclin D1 were observed to a greater degree in SCC than those in BD. The expressions of cyclin D1 and Ki-67 were higher in SCC than those in KA. CONCLUSIONS: The altered expressions of p16, Rb, and cyclin D1 were considered to be related to the carcinogenesis in the cutaneous squamous cell lesions. Therefore, immunohistochemical studies of the cell cycle regulatory proteins and a combined analysis may be helpful as an adjunct to the histomorphology in the diagnosis of cutaneous squamous cell lesions.

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Expression of pRb, p53, p16 and Cyclin D1 and Their Clinical Implications in Urothelial Carcinoma
Kyungji Lee, Eun Sun Jung, Young-Jin Choi, Kyo Young Lee, Ahwon Lee
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(10): 1449. CrossRef

Case Report

The Cytologic Features of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia and Its Lymphoid Blast Phase in Body Fluid: A Case Report.: Soyoung Im, Changyoung Yoo, Youn Soo Lee, Chang Suk Kang, Sang In Sim, Kyo Young Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(2):189-194.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.2.189

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Abstract PDF: Although chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) may be involved in any part of the body, infiltration of the body fluid has rarely reported in the literature. Here we report on a 35 year-old male patient who was diagnosed chronic myelogenous leukemia ten years previously and he received allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. He then presented with left knee pain eight years after the initial diagnosis. MRI revealed a soft tissue mass at the distal femur. Cytology of the joint fluid revealed myeloblasts, promyelocytes, eosinophilic myelocytes, band neutrophils, megakaryocytes and orthochromatic erythroblasts, which was all consistent with leukemic infiltration of the knee joint fluid. The immunohistochemistry was positive for CD34, CD117 and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Despite that the patient underwent radiation therapy, MRI revealed growth of the mass, and ten months later, the lymphoid blast phase of CML was confirmed after biopsy. The patient received an above knee amputation. Five months later, multiple masses were revealed on PET-CT at the left iliopsoas muscle, abdominal wall and bones. Bilateral pleural effusion occurred shortly after this. Cytologic evaluation of the pleural fluid also revealed blast-like cells, and histologic evaluation of the abdominal mass confirmed the lymphoid blast phase of CML with positivity for CD3, UCHL-1, CD34 and CD117, but negativity for MPO.

Original Article

The Cytology for Leukemic Cells in Cerebrospinal Fluid; Comparison of Conventional Cytology with Liquid-Based Cytology.: Changyoung Yoo, Youn Soo Lee, Chang Suk Kang, Sang In Shim, Kyo Young Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(2):164-170.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.2.164

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using conventional cytology with a cytocentrifuge (cytospin) is an important method for evaluating the involvement of leukemia in the CNS. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is now a widely used cytological method not only for gynecological and non-gynecological specimens, but its application to CSF for the identification of leukemic cell has not yet been reported. In this study, we tried to compare conventional cytology with using a cytospin with LBC and Papanicolaou (Pap) staining. We also examined the modified LBC with Wright staining to assess whether this modified method can be useful for diagnosing Leukemia.
METHODS
We studied 30 cases of CSF that were obtained from 16 patients, including 17 cases of acute myeloid leukemia, 12 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 1 case of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. We applied conventional cytology with a cytocentrifuge (cytospin), LBC with Pap staining and modified LBC with Wright staining.
RESULTS
The morphological features of the LBC with Pap staining showed difficulty for interpretation when compared with conventional cytology with a cytospin, and mainly because of cellular shrinkage. The modified LBC with Wright staining showed good morphological features.
CONCLUSIONS
We suggest that modified LBC with Wright staining may be useful for examining CSF.

Case Reports

Touch Imprint Cytology Contributed to the Frozen Section Diagnosis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma : A Case Report.: Changyoung Yoo, Youn Soo Lee, Joo Wan Park, Suk Kang Chang, Sang In Shim, Gyeong Sin Park, Kyo Young Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 2006;17(2):143-147.

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Abstract PDF: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare primary cutaneous small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, is a tumor with distinct cytological features. In many cases, immunohistochemical staining (IHC) is required for the differentiation from other small round cell malignancies. Here we describe the cytological findings of Merkel cell carcinoma; these findings contributed to the diagnosis prior to performing IHC. A lower eyelid mass was excised and submitted for frozen section diagnosis. The frozen section diagnosis was consistent with a malignancy, but the more specific diagnosis was limited by the lack of specific histological features. Touch imprint cytology revealed a high cellularity with loosely cohesive small to large sized cells. The tumor cells showed hyperchromatic nuclei with fine chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli, and thin-rimmed-cytoplasm including the characteristic eosinophilic button-like paranuclear inclusion, previously described as a pathognomonic cytological finding of MCC; this was not found in the H&E frozen section. In conclusion, we suggest that the touch imprint cytology may help in the differential diagnosis of small round cell neoplasms prior to performing IHC especially in frozen section diagnosis.

Concurrence of Spatially Separated Medullary Carcinoma and Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland: A Report of Three Cases.: Changyoung Yoo, Chan Kwon Jung, Hyeok Sang Kwon, Sung Hun Kim, Min Sik Kim, Seung Nam Kim, Kyo Young Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(3):207-212.

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Abstract PDF: Although medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) may coexist with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) as a collision tumor within the same nodule or as two or more spatially separated tumors, these two carcinomas rarely coexist. We encountered three cases of sporadic MTCs spatially separated from PTCs, which occurred concurrently, either within the same thyroid lobe or in different thyroid lobes. In each of the cases the patients underwent total thyroidectomy and neck dissection. PTC metastases of the lymph node were observed in two of the cases and MTC metastasis of the lymph node was observed in one case. Among the multiple thyroid nodules affected by both MTCs and PTCs, only the dominant nodules had spread to the lymph nodes. Because MTC has a different clinical significance from PTC, in patients with multiple thyroid nodules, appropriate diagnostic approaches, such as fine needle aspiration of all possible nodules and measurement of serum calcitonin level, should be performed.

Original Article

Pathological Findings of Crohn's Disease in the Stomach .: Changyoung Yoo, Bo In Lee, Kyu Yong Choi, Lee So Maeng, Anhi Lee, Chang Suk Kang, Ghee Young Kwon, Kyoung Mee Kim, Cheol Keun Park; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(4):269-273.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The incidence of Crohn's disease in the upper digestive tract, and especially in the stomach, is recently increasing. Focal inflammatory reaction without Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is thought to be the characteristic pathologic findings suggesting Crohn's disease in the stomach. Yet gastric involvement of Crohn's disease has not been studied in Korea. We studied the endoscopic and pathologic findings of patients with Crohn's disease in the stomach by taking biopsies.
METHODS
Thirty patients with Crohn's disease who underwent gastroduodenoscopy followed by biopsies were included in the study. The pathology of the gastric biopsy specimens and the presence of H. pylori were evaluated.
RESULTS
Among 30 cases, 22 cases (73.3%) were H. pylori negative and 8 cases (26.7%) were H. pylori positive. For the H. pylori negative cases, all but one cases showed pit abscess and focal lymphocytic collections in the antrum. Granulomas were found in 6 cases (20%) and they were exclusively located in the antrum.
CONCLUSIONS
In the stomach, pit abscess and focal lymphocytic collections that are not associated with H. pylori infection are the characteristic pathologic findings found in Crohn's disease.

Case Report

Epidermoid Cyst in the Kidney with Nephrolithiasis: A Case Report.: Changyoung Yoo, Yeong Jin Choi, Kyoyoung Lee, Sang In Shim, Chang Suk Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(5):348-350.

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Abstract PDF: Epidermoid cysts in the kidney have rarely been reported, and in most cases its pathogenesis has not been well understood. We report a case of an epidermoid cyst in a kidney with nephrolithiasis in a 61-year-old man. A pyelonephrolithotomy was performed on the patient four years ago to treat nephrolithiasis of the left kidney. During the follow-up, a newly developed mass was discovered three years ago and the mass has recently increased in size. A unilateral nephrectomy was performed under the clinical impression of renal cell carcinoma. Gross examination revealed a well encapsulated cystic mass measuring 3.0 x 2.0 x 2.0 cm and containing lumps of soft whitish material, in the upper pole of the left kidney. This location was the same as that of previous nephrolithiasis. Microscopic examination revealed typical findings of an epidermoid cyst. We suspect that the chronic irritation induced by renal stones may be associated with the development of the epidermoid cyst in this case.

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